Though there are many definitions of what literature is, they all have some agreement in one key aspect: self-expression through the written word. The merging of two ends of the classes is reflected again here. The field of facial expression analysis (FEA) is over a hundred years old, and has now come of age. Such irresponsible behaviour is from the father. Necessarily such writers had to produce work that would appeal to their patrons primarily. In Europe, Martin Luther, the German monk most famous for the reformation of the Christian church during the Renaissance Era, nailed his 95 Theses on the door of a cathedral to inform the townspeople about the Roman Catholic Churchs corruption of riches and tithes. Culture is a term that is sometimes used to describe the social customs of a particular group of people. The Holy Bible, one of the oldest written scriptures, is a compilation of tales, beliefs, and accounts that teach about Christianity (for both the Old and the New Testament) and about Judaism (for some selected books in the Old Testament). Films are visual representations of literature, they give life and action to the words written on a page. Literature reflects life. Literary realism creates the appearance of life as it is actually experienced, with characters that speak the everyday language and are representative of everyday life as a reader would understand it. He claims that he does not enjoy the company of the country people, yet he accompanies Bingley to the dance. It did not need such a violent uprooting of its social values. For this reason, the literature that appealed to the people through the spoken word had a greater appeal than that which appeals through the written wordwhich may not reach all men. Books are being read seriously by readers who crave for information and recreationally by those who are passionate in exploring their imagination. Drama captures everyday events in a theatrical setting while comedy focuses on light-heartedness or humour. For the artists intention is only of relative importance. This article uses Jane Austens 19th century novel Pride and Prejudice to illustrate the power of literature as a source of knowledge that transcends the insights of history, sociology, psychology, philosophy and conventional literary criticism. Its object, aside from the delight it gives, is to know . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Unfortunately for her, the hypothetical joke comes true. Darcy gives an uncharacteristic response in return. It is the expression of thoughts, and society. Literary criticism is an Occidental science, an attempt to apply the analytic mental faculty to the comprehension of that which cannot be divided, for Life is an integrated whole that can only be understood in totality and in context. Bingley looks up to Darcy, is almost subservient to him, and brings him along to his new country home near the Bennet family. She wrote her six novels during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Literature is the expression of individual and social life and thought through language. Shakespeare critic A.C. Bradley talks about Jane Austens surpassing excellence within that comparatively narrow sphere whose limits she never tried to overpass which gives her in that sphere the position held by Shakespeare in his. If such knowledge of human psychology can be learnt from one of the six novels written in Austens narrow sphere, then what is the learning potential from Shakespeare and other great writers! Usually used to describe someone who has lived a healthy life. The role of a well developed individual in spearheading a revolution or social movement is seen in the changes Darcy and Elizabeth are able to bring about with their strong individuality. She declares she will have nothing to do with the couple anymore. There are many who believe in a persona/ God; others worship an all-pervasive Presence in this Universe. of society on literature and to assess the position and the role of literature is particularly cultivated and professed by those who had a specific social philosophy to advance. Thus, peoples have different ideas of the Godhead. Very often, literature contains some novel ideas, and the form is one which lends itself to experimentation with one's ideas. Their father is eager to be rid of the annoying company of Collins. Literature indeed reflects the society, its good values and its ills. The works of Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle (the most famous Greek philosophers) contain virtues that promote perfection to a society if only human beings have the willingness to uphold and practice them. "You are my heart, my life, my one and only thought."-Arthur Conan Doyle Arthur Conan Doyle was a British writer and physician best known as a creator of the Sherlock Holmes series. He wrote about power and politics in his plays, which are still popular today. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. This will gain him Georgianas fortune of thirty thousand pounds, as well as entry into the house, he need no longer be restricted to the employees quarters. Encoding and decoding One of the central issues impacting the study of emotional expression concerns the distinction between a A new middle class was formed, that constantly sought to imitate and eventually join the wealthy classes. He displays the same behaviour when Elizabeth rejects Collins proposal. One question in the back of our minds is what is literature? He is not called out to a duel by Lydias family, he is not murdered or sent to jail. Bradbury has given an accurate representation of the society leading to an end. To do so would be a punishment, he says, within earshot of the second Bennet girl, Elizabeth. Suddenly the whole world stopped, Apple Global School, Ahead of Shantipura Circle Near Sarvotam Hotel, Telav,Sanand, Ahmedabad-382210. It was used to be believed at one time that the deepest things in life are those that deal with what were called the eternal varieties of life. The girls have among their friends daughters of tradesmen and wives of soldiers. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As a child, my mother always tried to keep me occupied and entertained. A dramatic literary technique used by the author? The goal of reading literature is to understand it. Yet both are classed as literature, while the speculations of other philosophers, ancient and modern, are not. She is steeped in class consciousness, and tries to maintain the old order. Can our thoughts and attitudes determine the events in our lives? The Teaser Trailer For Daisy Jones & The Six Just DroppedHeres Everything We Know SoFar, Every Authentic American Horror Story Thats Inspired AHS (SoFar), 90+ Comic Book Trivia Questions ForSuperfans, 90+ Ancient History Trivia QuestionsAndAnswers, 130+ Astronomy Trivia Questions About OuterSpace, 130+ Literature Trivia Questions ForBookworms. He is affronted when they speak to him. Pride and Prejudice is also a profound study of human psychology. Literature mirrors life because it also explores all aspects of humanity: good and evil, love, jealousy, fear, anger, joy, despair. The future is being studied to determine the present. So he encourages all the girls to go out, taking their cousin with them. Physicists extrapolate backwards in time to one picosecond, a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang, and explain the universe, the development of its electronuclear force and magnetism, the formation of all matter from the hydrogen nuclei to the stars and planets, up to the evolution of plant and animal life. But it is not. The literature of any nation is the image that reflects the sincere ideas, so we can call it the mirror of life which reflects writers ' thought about life and the real situation of the world around. Not all revolutions have to be fought in blood. I also believe that music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotions. To Lady Catherines great indignation, Elizabeth does marry Darcy and enter Pemberley. In short, by climbing into the minds of other characters and worlds in stepping outside of ourselves literature allows us to understand universal truths; change minds; stir empathy; and express our identities and values in lasting, far-reaching ways. Create your account, 30 chapters | It is on the record that on that July day in 1789 when the Bastille was stormed, some 300 miles away in Hampshire, the Earl of Winchilsea was playing cricket, and was bowled out before he could score a single run, by an untitled man named William Bullen. Platos Allegory of the Cave speaks about the importance of human wisdom and the penalties that one would face to achieve a higher level of understanding. An amazing coincidence? Her sister, brother and their families are welcome at Longbourn, and her own daughters visit them in Meryton and London regularly. Literature has amassed vast volumes of experiential knowledge of human nature acting in life. Literature explains human values. One could be born in the working class, and find a way up the social hierarchy, to the trading, middle, landed, and even the aristocratic classes. Everyone seems to take an interest in him. Literary form cannot be separated from philosophical content, since it is the result of an enquiry which strives to provide answers to certain matters of human existence. Literature gives a voice to people who dont have one and it allows us to empathize with people who are different than we are. Till the publication of Sense and Sensibility in 1811, her readership was limited to her own family members and friends. A black fox came toward him, carrying a ptarmigan in his mouth. Music is a form of mediation for me. It serves as a reflection of reality, a product of art, and a window to an ideology. Later, Wickham carries out something similar with Lydia, the youngest Bennet girl. Without psychology, philosophy, or intellectuality, it reveals a relationship between our subjective thoughts and feelings and the response of life around us. The limitations of analysis can be found even in the most profound works of literary criticism. It is mature. Literature opens the mind to old memories and allows people to relive their experiences, good or bad. It had been bloodless and paved the way for the modern English parliamentary democracy. Shakespeare, for example, was a playwright who wrote about themes that were relevant to his society at the time. Most of it is fugitive, but here and therein high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prosesome writing, almost by accident, achieves an aesthetic satisfaction, a depth and relevance that entitle it to stand with other examples of the art of literature. He is also a changed man now, and renews his relationship with Elizabeth after a long abrupt hiatus. Author of. Interpersonal Learning Style Characteristics |What is Social Learning? Literature, as an imitation of human action, often presents a picture of what people think, say and do in the society. While her husband thinks and understands more, and talks and acts less, Mrs. Bennet wastes no time in exercising her mind. The impact of literature in modern society is undeniable. The genius of Austen goes far beyond tracing social processes. We can give a plausible explanation in hindsight, much as by looking in the rear view mirror, we can tell where we have been. The quotation appears in Act 1 Scene 2 and is spoken by Cassius, one of the conspirators. 5. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. He belongs to a wealthy, distinguished family, and used to consider contact with anyone outside his social sphere a pollution. Literature kindles new ideas. In some cases, it can also be the expression of emotions and conflicts that are seen every day. The runaway sister and her soldier husband visit. Pride and Prejudice goes beyond a study of the individual and the society. Special Lecturer, University of California, Santa Barbara. The English historian G. M. Trevelyan said that if the French nobility had been capable of playing cricket with their peasants, their chateaux would never have been burnt. Collins family is of the most modest means. It does not deal with the particular society of a particular community but with society as a whole or in its entirety. Appropriate approach makes all the difference. Derived from the Latin word literature meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. In the story, she represents the last citadel of the old world order that crumbles, giving way to a more integrated and inclusive society. This is not mere story telling or artistry. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Surprised by the intensity of resistance they meet, the pirates withdraw to their own ship and the ships separate. She finds nothing wrong in eloping, her sense of right and wrong coming from her mother. In contrast, with the Twilight series, readers are told about events more directly through the use of a first-person narrator. Darcy and Wickham alone have known each other since childhood. He lacks the energy and mental will for the task. Janani Ramanathan. A wide range of texts, principally but not exclusively from the English language tradition, is used to illustrate themes. The British government had banned any mention of the French Revolution in fiction, and even if Austen had wanted to talk about it, she could not have. He refuses to exert himself. Ideas change with those conditions, which are never static. The highest in the land stoops to save, for a number of reasons, a low scoundrel, a thoughtless girl and a family he initially considered unfit to relate to. Authors like F.Scott Fitzgerald are prime examples of this as his novel The Great Gatsby was a reflection of his experiences and opinions . Music is an art of sound that expresses ideas and emotions and people listen to music for different reasons. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 She is only aware of what she wants. A trader could find entry into the kings court, and become a knight! Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. It may or may not reflect her own personal experience in romance as some critics conclude. All the rest of her nature, the impulsiveness, initiative, foolishness and wild energy, are from the mother. The English aristocrat gave up his superiority, and saved his head, unlike his French counterparts who absolutely refused to bow down, and ultimately lost all.. The choice turns out to be a subtle indication. Literature in the present generation still exists as an expression of art, a source of knowledge, and an instrument of entertainment. He has given up trade since the wealthy did not work or need to earn a living. They are also an outcome of a marriage between two different classes. - Definition, Structure & Examples, Introduction to Medieval Literature: Old English, Middle English, and Historical Context, Style in Fiction: Dialect & Figures of Speech, Ode on a Grecian Urn by Keats: Analysis and Summary, Literature in Society Overview & Role | How Literature Shapes Society. She is strong, seems to have infinite energy, and never gives up. Through Pride and Prejudice, Austen gives us the answers and illustrates the precise laws according to which life works. Biologists try to explain everything from the advent of the first living cell onwards: when and where life first appeared, how the plant kingdom became diversified, how animal life first appeared in the sea and then spread and evolved into complex species, how some species became extinct and others adapted and survived. It results at a macro level, in a gradual merging of various diverse sections of people and social groups. In order to limit the spread of ideas and information, the government imposed a substantial stamp duty on newspapers, which the working class press was unable to afford. Darcy has all his life disliked Wickham, with very good reason. It differs from other written works by only its one additional trait: that is aesthetic beauty. Even personal experience cannot match its value, for in our own lives we are but half-conscious and too involved in the action to truly decipher its significance. But experience and a wider knowledge of the changing conditions of social life have shaken mans faith in the unchangeableness of such concepts. Austen goes further in her analysis of human character. He enjoys his social elevation; she needs his sycophancy for her own self-aggrandizement. To the occidental intellect, society is an empty space, a playing field in which the separate and independent lives act and interact with one another. They explain their way of life. Pre Socratic and Socratic philosophers. www.bigstockphoto.com. Literature revives the debate which science ignores or dismisses as unscientific. Omissions? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. It is thus fundamentally an expression of life through the medium of language. This is the one occasion in the entire story spanning a year where we find Bingley speaking in this way to Darcy. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. We analyse carefully how he looked at life, what he found in it, what he brought away from it. The laws of morality, again, undergo changes from country to country and from age to age. Literature is the reflection of the life in all its varied forms and shapes. If we take this science to study the arts, then, instead of beginning a story by implicitly accepting the initial conditions, a new and intriguing question arises: what happened before the beginning, before the Big Bang! The soldier ends up married to Lydia. Disclaimer The human condition is experiences of being human in a social, cultural, and personal context, it's an aspect of positives and negatives of being human. It is a journey that is inscribed in pages and powered by the imagination of the reader. As a reaction to her mothers boorishness, she develops the opposite, a pleasing social behaviour. Austen ignores neither the historical events of her time, nor the social conditions of her land. Poets and philosophers hold power to explain those intimate moments of the life of a human being. She feels a twinge of regret for having turned down such magnificence. All these things are shown in the works of literature. This further widened the social differences between itself and the rest of the population, and raised real barriers to compatibility and harmony between the classes. Lydia is foolish, strong willed and full of energy. Literature is a form of human expression for the overall human emotions and ideas and thoughts which ranging from poetry to prose to and plays. Literature is an instrument of revolution. It is not only creative writing. Jane is pleasant, beautiful, and thinks well of everyone. Countless are the lovers of this lively romance, yet few are those who have delved beneath its superficial charm, delightful humor, entrancing energy and emotional intensity to uncover the profundity of wisdom it contains. Literature is the mirror of life and society.
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