History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. Today, EMILYs List, a PAC founded in 1985 to help elect pro-choice Democratic women to office, plays a major role in fundraising for female candidates. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream 625 Words 3 Pages Decent Essays Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. 2. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. Citing Literature. Sound bars have many pros, and they're the right choice for most people: Sound is still way better than integrated speakers. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). New York: Oxford University Press. It is based on the belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in key demographic characteristics as gender, ethnicity, or religion. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads Conducting a thorough survey relies on two things: willing participants and accurate data. Part of Springer Nature. 26 ubat 2021 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Companies use descriptive research analysis, but it has both advantages and disadvantages. Walby, S. (2011). Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. New York: Routledge. Prescriptive analytics offers decision support for the best course of action to get desired results. London: Routledge. Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Predictive analytics determines the potential outcomes of present and past actions and trends. 1. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The changing nature of European equality regimes. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. 1. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. 1. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Advantages of Descriptive Research. Morone, J. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Michele L. Swers is associate professor of government at Georgetown University. Swain, C. M. (1993). 2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. Would perfect mobility be perfect? Political liberalism. Vibert, F. (2007). When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. Get full access to this article. Lafont, C. (2006). Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. However, what good representation should be is debated. 2. 3. Ethics, 91, 431450. Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in legislatures. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). (2014). In B. Grofman et al. Barry, B. Holst, C. (2014). This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. 3. References. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. "American Government", OpenStax, OpenStax; Rice University. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. 2. While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). Pros are listed as arguments in favor of making a particular decision or action. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Social representation. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. People still have a voice. In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. 2. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Quantitative Methodology. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Peter, F. (2011). Apart from it, if you've collected data on multiple variables, you can use the Bivariate or Multivariate descriptive statistics to study . Swift, A. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? London: Routledge. One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. data sets are independent of each other most widely used method of data representation. Crenshaw, K. (1991). Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Christiano, T. (2012). Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. While descriptive statistics are used to present raw data in an accurate way, inferential statistics are used to apply inferences derived from a data sample to the larger data population. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African American representatives also began to enter Congress in increasing numbers. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. 2. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. thanked the writer. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. In the most comprehensive treatment on this subject to date, this article demonstrates that states with higher turnover rates and citizen legislatures are more conducive to the election of Latinos and demonstrates the institutional and demographic differences among several states affecting Latino descriptive representation. Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. Use descriptive statistics to summarize and graph the data for a group that you choose. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. (2005a). Young, I. M. (2000). It is the land of oppression to progression, yet we still wear our scars and our heads up high. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. For example, if you are a representative for an ad agency, you may conduct research to find out consumer opinion on a certain product. 9. Proportional Representation Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. in or register, Toggle navigation. 1. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. You do not currently have access to this chapter. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. 4. Currently, forty-six African Americans serve in Congress. Young, I. M. (1994). The Pros and Cons of Writing Description. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Horizontal Communication so that you can track your progress. (1996). Feminizing politics. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). Descriptive statistics are functions of the sample data that are intrinsically interesting in describing some feature of the data. Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, In the first place, learning of our neighbors gives us the inclination that we must keep an eye out for them. Reisel, L. (2014). The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. Easy to set up, doesn't require extra space. Political Therorists, Parliamentarians and the Meaning of Unequal Representation. Voet, R. (1992). I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. #1) Waterfall Model. The rise of the unelected. The concept of representation. The future of feminism. A table lists data in columns. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. Towards a European union gender equality index. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. (2002). Explaining Preferences about Descriptive Representation, When politics is not just a man's game: Women's representation and political engagement, Womens Political Representation: A Review, Partisanship, Structure and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics, Falling Behind, Keeping Up, or Getting Ahead: Ethnic Candidates and the Competition for non-Western Origin Voters in the West, Levelling the playing field: Monitoring Croatian policies to promote gender equality in politics, Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship, Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions, INTERSECTIONAL PRESENTATIONS: An Exploratory Study of Minority Congresswomen's Websites' Biographies, Ethnocultural Voting? Sometimes you can add a subwoofer, depending on the model. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. Oxford: Polity Press. The results show that descriptive representation contributes to substantive representation, even if the costs of participating outweigh the electoral benefits. Your email address will not be published. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . Perhaps youve even made it yourself. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Enter your library card number to sign in. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? A political-philosophical exchange. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. Affordable. Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. How Gender Composition and Decision Rules Affect Deliberation Tali Mendelberg Princeton University Christopher F. Karpowitz Brigham Young University Nicholas Goedert Washington University in St. Louis Does low descriptive representation inhibit substantive representation for women in deliberating groups? If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Democratic authority: A philosophical framework. Pros. In the face of the modern impatience with pages (or even paragraphs) of descriptive narrative, its easy for writers to overreact and decide to avoid description altogether. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Williams, M. S. (1998). Inclusion and democracy. Acta Politica, 4, 389403. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. Signs, 19(3), 630657. The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Theory Given that the case study focuses on an Australian MEM representative, I will use the definition of 'ethnic' by Gianni Zappala. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. Representing Diversity. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. 2. In 1971, to better represent their interests, these representatives founded the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), an organization that grew out of a Democratic select committee formed in 1969. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money?
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