Refer to Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, for detailed information on requirements for an aviation training syllabus and the building-block concept for curriculum development, The main concern of the instructor is usually the more manageable task of organizing a block of training with integrated lesson plans. The traditional organization of a lesson plan is introduction, development, and conclusion, The introduction sets the stage for everything to come. The area of the picture or object is limited to approximately 10 inches by 10 inches, Items which may be projected are practically limitless. This results when the material is presented as an authentic problem in a situated environment that allows the learner to "make meaning" of the information based on his or her past experience and personal interpretation. He was wrong. Facts and ideas that have been logically organized can be concisely presented in rapid sequence. For example, it is better to ask "Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than at New Orleans?" Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. For example, the flight student may be asked to plan for the arrival at a specific nontowered airport. For these reasons, it is likely to hold the interest of the students, An instructor who is thoroughly prepared or who has made the presentation before can usually speak effectively without notes. Using simulation devices, computer networks, and multimedia programs, students become more actively involved and responsible for their own training. His flight is a go, yet, 15 miles from College Airport he descends to 1,000 feet to stay below the lowering clouds and encounters rain and lowering visibility to 3 miles. Aids are often appropriate when long segments of technical description are necessary, when a point is complex and difficult to put into words, when instructors find themselves forming visual images, or when students are puzzled by an explanation or description, Aids should be simple and compatible with the learning outcomes to be achieved. Clearly defined training objectives that the student understands are essential to the teaching process regardless of the teaching technique used, Research into how people learn has led many experts to recommend ways to present lessons that keep the attention of a class. By being actively engaged in discussing the lecture, students improve their recall and ability to use the information in the future, It is important for the instructor to play the part of guide, keeping the discussion focused on the subject matter. The training record can be reviewed and the students training status easily assessed in case the student transfers to another school or instructor, Another example of enhanced, instructor-oriented material for pilot training is a maneuvers guide or handbook which includes the PTS as an integral part of the description of maneuvers and procedures. Research into how people learn has been ongoing for almost one hundred years. The major advantage of CAL is that it is interactivethe computer responds in different ways, depending on student input. Because improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft, SBT challenges the student or transitioning pilot with a variety of flight scenarios with the goal of reducing accidents. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. The scenario may not have one right or one wrong answer, which reflects situations faced in the real world. In the first one, the flight instructor designs a training scenario for the virtual pilots. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. Instructional aids can help them do this. The following practices are fundamental in the use of the chalk or marker board: Keep chalk, markers, erasers, cleaning cloths, rulers, and related items readily available to avoid interruption of the presentation, Organize and practice the chalk or marker board presentation in advance, Write or draw large enough for everyone in the group to see, Leave a margin around the material and sufficient space between lines of copy so the board is not overcrowded, Make only one point at a time. Often combined with traditional task and maneuver training within a given scenario, decision-based objectives facilitate a higher level of learning and application. This method uses collaboration and can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation such as an independent aviation instructor might encounter. They are easy to construct and can be produced in the same manner as pictures. In all cases, a systematic plan of action requires the use of an appropriate training syllabus. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. In most cases, the objective is listed along with sufficient conditions to describe the scope of the objective. Lectures are best used when an instructor wishes to convey a general understanding of a subject that students lack. Main Menu. From this measurement of student achievement, the instructor determines the effectiveness of the instruction, A time-honored training delivery method, drill and practice is based on the learning principle of exercise discussed in chapter 2, which holds that connections are strengthened with practice. Some educators believe that television and the film industry have produced a visual culture that has actually changed the way people learn, Passive video, or video that the student watches like a movie, provide motion, color, sound, and in many cases, special effects with advanced graphic and animation techniques. These scenarios require the pilot to manage the resources available in the flight deck, exercise sound judgment, and make timely decisions. Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. The instructor must, therefore, allot enough time for meaningful student activity. While a computer, screen, and projector may be needed for the classroom, a laptop computer may be all that is needed for the one-on-one presentation. Go back to and try again", Interactive CDs and DVDs solve one of the main problems of passive video in that it increases involvement of the student in the learning process. To be a teacher implies one has completed some type of formal training, has specialized knowledge, has been certified or validated in some way, and adheres to a set of standards of performance. Accident data is available at NTSBs Aviation Accident Database & Synopses at www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/query.asp/, Electronic learning or e-learning has become an umbrella term for any type of education that involves an electronic component such as the Internet, a network, a stand-alone computer, CD/DVDs, video conferencing, websites, or email in its delivery. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. Having decided on the objectives, an instructor can use this information to complete many of the steps on the lesson plan. Before using a global positioning system (GPS) as the sole means of navigation, students should be taught the basics, Under each main point in a lesson, the subordinate points should lead naturally from one to another. Understanding these distinctions helps the instructor become a more skilled user of questions, The instructor often uses a question to open up an area for discussion. For example, in teaching aircraft maintenance, CAL programs produced by various aircraft manufacturers can be used to expose students to equipment not normally found at a maintenance school. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards, For example, in flight training, content validity is reflected by a particular maneuver closely mimicking a maneuver required in actual flight, such as the student pilot being able to recover from a power-off stall. The aids should be concentrated on the key points. The instructor should avoid the temptation to use the aids as a crutch. First, the material presented can be erased, allowing the surface to be used again and again; and second, the boards serve as an excellent medium for joint student-instructor activity in the classroom. E-learning can be as basic as an online college course taken via e-mail or as sophisticated as refining flight techniques in a helicopter simulator, Time flexible, cost competitive, learner centered, easily updated, accessible anytime, and anywhere, e-learning has many advantages that make it a popular addition to the field of education. In the conclusion the instructor should tie together the various points or topics discussed, and show the relationships between the facts brought forth and the practical application of these facts. In addition, instructors and students may lack sufficient experience with personal computers to take full advantage of the software programs that are available, Improper or excessive use of e-learning should be avoided. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. Information such as equipment, tools, reference material, and limiting parameters should be included. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. This motivation should appeal to each student personally and engender a desire to learn the material, Every lesson introduction should contain an overview that tells the group what is to be covered during the period. In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. VR uses graphics with animation systems, sounds, and images to reproduce electronic versions of real-life experience. This is necessary because it is very important that each student perform the maneuver or operation the right way the first few times to establish a good habit.
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